Volume 14, Issue 52 (9-2025)
serd 2025, 14(52): 0-0 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ghasemi Vasmejani A, Afrakhte H, Azizpour F. Determinants of Livelihood Asset Transformations in Tourism-Oriented Villages (Case Study: Rudsar County). serd 2025; 14 (52) : 1
URL: http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-4028-en.html
URL: http://serd.khu.ac.ir/article-1-4028-en.html
1- Office of Planning and Budget, Ministry of Cultural Heritage, Tourism, and Handicrafts, Tehran, Iran , t.ghasemi1985@gmail.com
2- Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (26 Views)
Objective: This study aims to identify the factors and components influencing the transformation of livelihood assets in tourism-oriented villages, which are shaped and altered through tourism development. The intensity, trajectory, and scope of such changes -and their effects on rural residents- depend heavily on the specific socio-economic and ecological contexts in which tourism evolves. The central concern in this process is the principle of sustainability and the improvement of the quality of life for all residents affected by tourism growth.
Methods: The research was conducted in tourism-oriented villages of Rudsar County, located in eastern Gilan Province. Employing a mixed-methods design with a deductive-inductive comparative approach, data collection included literature review, field surveys, and semi-structured interviews with local experts, officials, and practitioners. The data were analyzed using the Q methodology. Snowball sampling was employed to select participants.
Results: The results indicate that the most influential factors driving transformations in livelihood assets, ranked by significance, include: constructive interactions among key stakeholders in tourism development; tourism’s competitive advantages; government support and facilitation; cultural orientation and the development of tourism value chains; and, finally, spatial proximity and the availability of ecological–natural capacities.
Conclusions: Tourism-related drivers of livelihood asset transformation can be categorized into internal and external factors, both of which reshape the form and function of rural settlements. The more these factors contribute to enhancing public services and fostering sustainable tourism activities, the more likely they are to generate positive impacts on rural livelihoods.
Methods: The research was conducted in tourism-oriented villages of Rudsar County, located in eastern Gilan Province. Employing a mixed-methods design with a deductive-inductive comparative approach, data collection included literature review, field surveys, and semi-structured interviews with local experts, officials, and practitioners. The data were analyzed using the Q methodology. Snowball sampling was employed to select participants.
Results: The results indicate that the most influential factors driving transformations in livelihood assets, ranked by significance, include: constructive interactions among key stakeholders in tourism development; tourism’s competitive advantages; government support and facilitation; cultural orientation and the development of tourism value chains; and, finally, spatial proximity and the availability of ecological–natural capacities.
Conclusions: Tourism-related drivers of livelihood asset transformation can be categorized into internal and external factors, both of which reshape the form and function of rural settlements. The more these factors contribute to enhancing public services and fostering sustainable tourism activities, the more likely they are to generate positive impacts on rural livelihoods.
Article number: 1
Keywords: Livelihood Transformation, Rural Assets, Rural Change, Tourism-oriented Villages, Rudsar County.
References
1. اعظمی، موسی و هاشمی امین، ناهید (1396). اثرات گردشگری بر معیشت پایدار روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای ملهم دره و ترخین آباد همدان). جغرافیایی فضای گردشگری، 6 (23)، 99-114.
2. تولایی، سیمین؛ ریاحی، وحید؛ افراخته، حسن و شعبانی، احمد (1392)، بررسی توانمندی‌ها و راهکارهای توسعه گردشگری روستایی در بخش کهک استان قم. پژوهش‌های جغرافیای انسانی، 45 (4)، 103-118.
3. جوان، فرهاد؛ افراخته، حسن و ریاحی، وحید (1398). تحلیل فضایی اثرات گردشگری بر تحولات کالبدی سکونتگاه‌های روستایی شهرستان رضوانشهر. برنامه‌ریزی توسعه کالبدی، 13 (1)، 57-70.
4. درویشی، هوشنگ؛ پور رمضان، عیسی و مولائی هشجین، نصرالله (1400). تبیین اثرات گردشگری در تحولات اقتصادی نواحی روستایی شهرستان رودسر در دو دهه اخیر. فصلنامه علمی برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، 11(44)، 185-202.
5. قدیری معصوم، مجتبی؛ رضوانی، محمدرضا؛ جمعه‌پور، محمود و باغیانی، حمیدرضا (1394). سطح‌بندی سرمایه‌های معیشتی در روستاهای گردشگری کوهستانی مورد: دهستان بالا طالقان در شهرستان طالقان. اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی، 12(4)، 1-18.
6. میردامادی، سید مهدی و برزویی، حمید (1392). نقش توریسم در بهبود وضعیت اقتصادی روستاهای شهرستان تالش (مطالعه موردی: روستای شیرآباد). پژوهش‌های ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، 23 (3)، 70-17.
7. Aazami, M. & Hashemi, A.N.(2017). The effects of tourism on sustainable rural livelihood (a case of Molham-darreh and tarikh-abad villages in Hamadan province). Geographical Journal of Tourism space, 6 (23), 99-114. [in Persian]
8. Babulo, B., Muys, B., Nega, F., Tollens, E., Nyssen, J., Deckers, J., & Mathijs, E. (2008). Household livelihood strategies and forest dependence in the highlands of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Agricultural systems, 98(2), 147-155. [DOI:10.1016/j.agsy.2008.06.001]
9. Bennett, N., Lemelin, R. H., Koster, R., & Budke, I. (2012). A capital assets framework for appraising and building capacity for tourism development in aboriginal protected area gateway communities. Tourism Management, 33(4), 752-766. [DOI:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.08.009]
10. Chambers, R., & Conway, G. (1992). Sustainable rural livelihoods: practical concepts for the 21st century. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Sussex Brighton. opendocs.ids.ac.uk
11. Darvishi, H. porramezan, E & Molaei,H. N. (2022). Explaining the effects of tourism on economic development in rural areas of Rudsar In two decades, Regional planning, 11(44), 185-202. [in Persian]
12. De Haan, L. J. (2000). Globalization, localization and sustainable livelihood. Sociologia Ruralis, 40(3), 339-365. [DOI:10.1111/1467-9523.00152]
13. Divakarannair, N. (2007). Livelihood assets and survival strategies in coastal communities in Kerala, India (Doctoral dissertation), Department of Geography, University of Victoria [DOI:10.1375/jhtm.15.19]
14. Ellis, F. (2000). Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries. Oxford university press, London. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/42765249
15. Ghadiri Masoum, M. Rezvani, M. Jomepour, M. Baghiani, H.(2015). Ranking of livelihood Capitals in Mountain Tourism Villages Case: Bala-Taloqan Rural District in Taloqan County, Space Economics and Rural Development, 4 (12), 1-18. [in Persian]
16. Ghasemi Vasmejani, A., Afrakhteh, H., Azizpour, F., & Rezaee, N. (2023). Tourism Impact on Livelihood Assets of Tourism Villages (Case Study: Rural Areas of Rudsar, North of Iran). Journal of Sustainable Rural Development, 7(1), 17-30. [DOI:10.22034/JSRD.2023.177080]
17. Gibson, K., Cahill, A., & McKay, D. (2010). Rethinking the dynamics of rural transformation: performing different development pathways in a Philippine municipality. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35(2), 237-255. [DOI:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00378.x]
18. Horáková, H. (2010). Post-communist transformation of tourism in Czech rural areas: New dilemmas. Anthropological Notebooks, 16(1), 59–77.
19. Javan. F., Afrakhteh, H. & Riahi, V. (2019). Spatial Analysis of Tourism Effects on Physical Transformations of Rural Settlements in Rezvanshahr County , Journal of Physical Development Planning, 4(1), 57-70. [in Persian]
20. Jufare, A. T. (2008). Livelihood adaptation, risks and vulnerability in rural Wolaita, Ethiopia Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric Norwegian University of Life Sciences, UMB, Ås, Norway
21. Ma, J., Zhang, J., Li, L., Zeng, Z., Sun, J., Zhou, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Study on livelihood assets-based spatial differentiation of the income of natural tourism communities. Sustainability, 10(2), 353. [DOI:10.3390/10020353]
22. Mbaiwa, J. E. (2011). Changes on traditional livelihood activities and lifestyles caused by tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Tourism management, 32(5), 1050-1060. [DOI:10.1016/j.tourman.2010.09.002]
23. Mehta, N. (2018). Occupational diversification and rural transformation. In Rural transformation in the post liberalization period in Gujarat: Economic and social consequences (pp. 23-71). Singapore: Springer Singapore. [DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-8962-6]
24. Merenkova, I., Smyslova, O., & Kokoreva, A. (2019). Development models of rural areas: theoretical approaches and formation specificity. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 341(1), p.012017, IOP Publishing. [DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/341/1/012017]
25. Mirdamadi, S. M. & Borzoyi, H. (2013). The role of tourism in improving economic situation of villages in Talesh township (case study: Shirabad village). Extension research and agricultural education, 23(3)7-17. [in Persian]
26. Nyaupane, G. P., & Poudel, S. (2011). Linkages among biodiversity, livelihood, and tourism. Annals of tourism research, 38(4), 1344-1366. [DOI:10.1016/j.annals.2011.03.006]
27. Opute, A., Irene, B., & Iwu, G. (2020). Tourism service and digital technologies: A value creation perspective. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(2), 1-18. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338839236
28. Parmawati, R., Saktiawan, Y., Wibowo, F. A. A., & Kurnianto, A. S. (2018). Analysis of village tourism development in Sawahan, Trenggalek Regency, Indonesia: A sustainable livelihood approach. E-Journal of Tourism, 5(1), 46-53. [DOI:10.24922/eot.v5i1.35181]
29. Provotorina, V., Kazmina, L., Petrenko, A., & Ekinil, G. (2020). Organization and functioning of accommodation facilities as a component of rural tourism infrastructure in the Rostov Region. In E3S Web of conferences (Vol. 175, p. 10002). EDP Sciences.
30. Sati, V. P., & Vangchhia, L. (2017). Food security status in rural areas of Mizoram, Northeast India. Journal of Mountain Science, 14(4), 795-805. [DOI:10.1007/s11629-016-4092-2]
31. Shen, F., Hughey, K. F., & Simmons, D. G. (2008). Connecting the sustainable livelihoods approach and tourism: A review of the literature. Journal of hospitality and tourism management, 15(1), 19-31.
32. Su, M. M., Wall, G., Wang, Y., & Jin, M. (2019). Livelihood sustainability in a rural tourism destination-Hetu Town, Anhui Province, China. Tourism Management, 71, 272-281.
33. Tavallaei, S. Riyahi,V. Afrakhte, H. & Shabani, A. (2013). Review of Capabilities and Solutions on Rural Tourism Development in District of Kahak in Qom Province, Journal of Human Geography Research, 6(23), 99-114. [in Persian]
34. UNWTO, 2019, International Tourism Highlights.
35. Walelign, S. Z., Pouliot, M., Larsen, H. O., & Smith-Hall, C. (2015). A novel approach to dynamic livelihood clustering: Empirical evidence from Nepal (No. 2015/09). IFRO Working Paper.
36. Wang, J., Huang, X., Gong, Z., & Cao, K. (2020). Dynamic assessment of tourism carrying capacity and its impacts on tourism economic growth in urban tourism destinations in China. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 15, 100383. [DOI:10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100383]
37. WTTC, 2020, TRAVEL & TOURISM GLOBAL ECONOMIC IMPACT & TRENDS 2020.
38. Wu, T. C. (2018). Agriculture tourism and the transformation of rural countryside. Tourism Geographies, 20(2), 354-357. doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1434819
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
