اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

چارچوب توسعه فضایی مبتنی بر کارآفرینی روستایی: تحلیل محتوایی مقالات علمی بین‌المللی

نوع مقاله : پایان‌نامه/رساله

نویسندگان
گروه جغرافیای انسانی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
هدف: ادبیات حوزه کارآفرینی روستایی بیانگر وجود رابطه‌ای پیچیده و چندلایه میان مؤلفه‌های فضایی و فرآیندهای کارآفرینی است. ازاین‌رو، هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی فرآیندهای فضایی مؤثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی روستایی، با تأکید بر استخراج و تحلیل دیدگاه‌های نظری موجود و نوظهور در این حوزه است.
روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از حیث هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ روش‌شناسی کیفی است که به روش مرور منابع و تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام ‌شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش، مقالات مستخرج از مجلات مرتبط با حوزه کارآفرینی روستایی و جغرافیا در پایگاه‌های داده معتبر ازجمله اسکوپوس، وب علوم و غیره است. با توجه به بررسی پیشینه موضوعی و شناسایی نخستین مطالعات مرتبط، بازه زمانی مرور مقالات از 2000 تا آغاز سال 2024 تعیین‌شده است تا از یک‌سو شامل تمامی مطالعات اولیه باشد و از سوی دیگر، جدیدترین انتشارات علمی در بازه زمانی اخیر را نیز دربرگیرد. در مرحله نخست، تعداد 113 مقاله مرتبط شناسایی شد؛ سپس با اعمال معیارهایی چون بررسی عنوان، کلیدواژه‌ها، چکیده، دسترسی به متن کامل، تحلیل محتوایی مقاله و نظر خبرگان، مقالات نامرتبط حذف شدند. درنهایت، 38 مقاله علمی به زبان انگلیسی به‌عنوان منابع نهایی برای تحلیل کیفی انتخاب گردید. فرایند تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Atlas.ti و در سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی صورت گرفت. همچنین به‌منظور اعتبارسنجی و ارتقاء روایی یافته‌ها، نظرات پنج نفر از خبرگان موضوعی در فرایند کدگذاری لحاظ شد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش شامل 212 کد اولیه بود که در 26 مقوله دسته‌بندی و در چهار بُعد (اکولوژیک، اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فضایی) و یک مؤلفه (اجتماعی- فضایی) مفهوم‌سازی شد. بررسی توزیع مقالات ازنظر بازه زمانی نشان داد اولین مقالات در سال 2007 منتشر شد و تا سال 2014 راکد بود و پس‌ازآن و تاکنون روندی افزایشی داشته است. ازنظر توزیع موضوعی، مقالات به ترتیب در حوزه‌های اجتماعی، فضایی و اقتصادی منتشر شده‌اند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد، کارآفرینی روستایی به‌عنوان یک محرک اقتصادی در جوامع روستایی، به‌شدت تحت تأثیر عوامل فضایی قرار دارد. مطالعات صورت‌گرفته در حوزه کارآفرینی روستایی از سیر تحول مفهومی ادبیات فضا متأثر بوده و هم‌زمان با تحول مفهومی این گفتمان مؤلفه‌های مطرح‌شده در حوزه کارآفرینی روستایی نیز تغییر یافته و از یک دیدگاه سنتی به سمت مفهوم اجتماعی– فضایی تغییر یافته است. برخاسته از یافته‌های پژوهش، فضا به‌عنوان بستر تعاملات اجتماعی عمل می‌کند و بر شکل‌گیری شبکه‌های اجتماعی و فضایی که بر توسعه کارآفرینی روستایی تأثیر می‌گذارند، نقش مهمی دارد. بنابراین با توسعه ادبیات فضا، بررسی مؤلفه‌های فضایی مؤثر بر توسعه کارآفرینی در ادبیات مختلف باید به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل کلیدی در سیاست‌گذاری‌های توسعه‌ای کارآفرینی روستایی مورد توجه و تأکید باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

A Spatial Development Framework Based on Rural Entrepreneurship: A Content Analysis of International Scientific Articles

نویسندگان English

Azar Nouri
Vahid Riahi
Farhad Azizpour
Hamid Jalaliyan
Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Objective: The literature on rural entrepreneurship indicates the existence of a complex and multi-layered relationship between spatial components and entrepreneurial processes. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the spatial processes influencing rural entrepreneurship development, with particular emphasis on extracting and analyzing established and emerging theoretical perspectives in this field.
Methods: The study is applied in terms of its objective and adopts a qualitative methodological approach based on a literature review and qualitative content analysis. The statistical population consisted of articles published in journals related to rural entrepreneurship and geography and indexed in reputable databases, including Scopus and Web of Science. Based on a review of the thematic literature and identification of the earliest relevant studies, the review period covered 2000 to November 2024, thereby encompassing both the initial studies in the field and the most recent scientific publications. Initially, 113 relevant articles were identified. Subsequently, irrelevant studies were excluded based on criteria including title, keywords, abstract, full-text accessibility, content analysis, and expert judgment. Ultimately, 38 English-language scientific articles were selected as the final sources for qualitative analysis. Data analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti through three stages of coding: open, axial, and selective coding. In addition, to validate and enhance the credibility of the findings, the views of five subject-matter experts were incorporated into the coding process.
Results: The findings yielded 212 initial codes, which were classified into 26 categories and conceptualized across four dimensions -ecological, social, economic, and spatial- and one socio-spatial component. Analysis of the temporal distribution of the articles indicated that the first studies were published in 2007. Publication activity remained relatively stagnant until 2014, then increased. In terms of thematic distribution, the reviewed articles were published predominantly in the social, spatial, and economic domains, respectively.
Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that rural entrepreneurship, as an economic driver in rural communities, is strongly influenced by spatial factors. Research on rural entrepreneurship has been influenced by the conceptual evolution of the spatial discourse; concomitantly, the spatial components addressed in rural entrepreneurship studies have evolved from a traditional perspective toward a socio-spatial conceptualization. The findings suggest that space serves as a context for social interactions and plays a significant role in shaping social and spatial networks that influence the development of rural entrepreneurship. Therefore, with the continued development of spatial scholarship, spatial components influencing entrepreneurial development should be considered and emphasized as key factors in policymaking for rural entrepreneurship development.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Content Analysis
Rural Entrepreneurship Development
Spatial Processes
Entrepreneurship
Systematic Review
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دوره 15، شماره 56
تابستان 1405
صفحه 1-22

  • تاریخ دریافت 25 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 18 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 17 خرداد 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 شهریور 1405