SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

other تحلیل نقش سرمایه گذاری دولت در توانمندسازی روستاییان (مورد مطالعه: ناحیه کاشان) Analyzing the role of state investment in rural empowerment in the process of sustainable rural development (Case study: Kashan area) تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">در این پژوهش با توجه به نقش دولت در توانمندسازی و توسعه روستاها، اقداماتی که دولت در قالب نظام برنامه های توسعه به ویژه بعد از انقلاب اسلامی ایران انجام داده است، نخست با شناخت و تحلیل سرمایه گذاری های دولتی به روستاها و سپس نقش توانمندسازی مردم و چگونگی اثرگذاری آن در روستاهای ناحیه کاشان مورد بازشناسی قرار می گیرد. روش پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری کلیه 15255 خانوار روستایی ناحیه کاشان و حجم نمونه 316 خانوار می باشد. دراین تحقیق با بهره گیری از روش طبقه بندی و بکارگیری ماتریس سه بعدی از شاخصهای همچون میزان سرمایه گذاری دولتی(شاخص اثرگذار)، موقعیت جغرافیایی روستا و میزان جمعیت به عنوان شاخص های اثربخش تعیین روستاهای نمونه استفاده و در مجموع 12 روستا انتخاب شد. برای تبیین رابطه میان متغیر مستقل و وابسته با توجه به ماهیت فرضیات از همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیونی و ضریب تعیین(R2) درنرم افزار SPSS استفاده شد. یافتههای حاصل از مطالعات میدانی ازوجود رابطه قوی، مثبت و مستقیم بین دو متغیر سرمایهگذاری و توانمندسازی روستاییان(000/0P=) حکایت دارد. با توجه به تحلیل رگرسیون چند متغیره، متغیر سرمایهگذاری کالبدی – فضایی (301/0BETA=)، سرمایهگذاری اجتماعی (256/0BETA=) و سرمایه گذاری اکولوژیکی (228/0BETA=)، بیشترین تاثیر را بر متغیر وابسته(توانمندسازی) داشتهاند. در نهایت باید در فرایند سرمایه گذاری دولت، توانمندسازی و ظرفیت سازی به عنوان هدف تعقیب شوند و دربرنامه‌های توسعه پایدارروستایی به برنامهریزی مشارکتمدار و تسهیلگر، پایین به بالا و غیرمتمرکز توجه و رویکرد حاکم بر فرایند توسعه روستایی در ایران و ناحیه از طریق انتخاب سیاستهای اجتماعی، اقتصادی، اکولوژیکی و کالبدی- فضایی مناسب اصلاح گردد.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Introduction One of the most important goals of forming states is to provide welfare and development for society, and the development process always calls for the state's action. Therefore, the nature of states, political and ideological philosophy and its structure play a key role in the development process, including rural development. Since the formation of the centralized state in Iran and after 1316, planning has started in its current form, and after 60 years, 12 programs have been prepared in the country, 11 of which have been implemented. During the years before the revolution, 6 programs were prepared, and 5 programs were implemented. After the revolution, 6 programs were prepared and 5 programs were implemented, and the sixth program is being completed. In Iran, most of the stages of rural development have been done within the framework of five-year plans, and investment is the most important tool of the state to achieve rural development. The rural management approach until 1970, in most countries of the world, was influenced by the dominance of top-down development management policies and approaches, which followed the emergence of environmental challenges and socio-economic inequalities, the field of attention and change in the bottom-up development approach. It has been provided since the 1980s in order to balance rural settlements. Therefore, in recent decades, empowerment has been proposed as a mechanism for rural development in Iran. However, were the realities that took place in the country's rural homogeneous with the demands and goals of the programs? In other words, considering the high volume of credits spent every year in rural settlements, the question can be raised: What does investing in rural settlements have to do with empowering the villagers? Has the agent of change being able to bring about the necessary changes and transformations in order to empower the villagers? In this study, by recognizing state investments in rural and their role in empowering villagers, how they affect the rural of Kashan was analyzed.  Methodology The method of the present study is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population was 15255 rural households in Kashan district, and the sample size was 316 people. In this research, using the classification method and using a three-dimensional matrix, indicators such as state investment (effective index), geographical location of the rural and population were considered as effective indicators for determining the sample. Finally, 12 villages were selected. In this article, SPSS software was used to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire so that using the KMO test, the validity of the rural household head questionnaire to measure the level of rural empowerment is equal to 0.867 and the validity of the rural household head questionnaire to measure investment The state is calculated to be 0.826. Also, based on the results of the structural validity test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained from the rural household heads questionnaire to measure the level of rural empowerment is equal to 0.974, and the rural household heads questionnaire to measure state investment is equal to 0.846. In this way, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire are confirmed. Furthermore, to explain the relationships between independent and dependent variables, regression analysis and coefficient of determination (R2) were used, and for other spatial analyses, SPSS software was used.  Discussion and conclusion Findings from field studies indicate a strong, positive and direct relationship between the two variables of investment and rural empowerment (P = 0.000). In other words, based on the coefficient of determination, 13.5% of the variance of rural empowerment is explained by state investment. According to multivariate regression analysis, the variables of physical-spatial investment (BETA = 0.301), social investment (BETA = 0.256) and ecological investment (BETA = 0.228) had the greatest impact on the empowerment variable. As a result, regression analysis shows that with increasing state investment in the studied villages, the rate of rural empowerment also increases.  Therefore, rural empowerment is studied as a new approach to the development of rural areas, with a systematic, integrated and combined view so that self-determination, competence, impact, significance and trust emerge and organize as the driving force of empowerment in rural communities. In this way, the right to development and honorable life in rural areas can be realized objectively. In fact, due to their structural and functional nature, villages are related to all factors of human life, and the challenges cannot be solved with a one-dimensional view. In the integrated view, all factors effectively empower the villagers, and the absence of one of the factors challenges the process of empowering rural communities. According to what has been said, the results of the article provide some strategic points: Lack of careful study and evaluation of developments in rural areas after the arrival of investments. On the other hand, different perceptions of the concepts of capacity building and empowerment in practice have maintained problems in rural society. Finally, in order to achieve the empowerment of local communities through the role of the state in the development of a list perspective, there are significant proposals that should be pursued through the state, realistic and targeted facilitation models. Thus, in sustainable rural development programs, participatory and facilitator planning, realistic, bottom-up and decentralized, conducting regional and local planning studies, deepening indigenous knowledge bases in rural issues, promoting individual responsibility at the design levels, and program implementation must be considered.   </div> توسعه روستایی, سرمایه گذاری دولت, سکونتگاه های روستایی, توانمندسازی, کاشان. empowerment, investment, Kashan, rural, state investment. 213 234 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-379&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Mahmoud Ganjipour محمود گنجی پور Ganjimahmood@gmail.com 10031947532846006457 10031947532846006457 Yes PhD in Geography and Rural Planning, Payamenoor University, Tehran, Iran دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. Mustafa Taleshi مصطفی طالشی 10031947532846006458 10031947532846006458 No Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Payamenoor University, Tehran, Iran استاد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. Mohsen Shaterian محسن شاطریان 10031947532846006459 10031947532846006459 No Professor of Department of Geography and Ecotourism, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran استاد جغرافیا و اکوتوریسم، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.