SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

fa ارزیابی اثرات اجتماعی شهرک های صنعتی بر نواحی روستایی مورد: شهرک صنعتی خیام نیشابور The evaluation of social impacts of industrial towns over rural areas Case: Khayam industrial town پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify; ">کشورهای پیشرو در متنوع سازی اقتصاد روستایی ، بر پایدارسازی توسعه تأکید فراوان دارند. تحقیقات مختلف نیز نشان داده است که با یک شیوه معیشت نمی توان امیدی به پایداری روستاها به ویژه در نواحی خشک داشت. در همین راستا راهبرد ایجاد شهرک ها و نواحی صنعتی روستایی می تواند باعث تأثیرات مثبت، از جمله تحول فرهنگ و اجتماع سنتی روستاها گردد. البته تأثیرات صنعتی شدن در عرصه فرهنگ و اجتماع، پیچیده و متنوع است. مقاله حاضر نیز به بیان تأثیرات اجتماعی و فرهنگی احداث شهرک صنعتی خیام نیشابور بر روستاهای پیرامونی پرداخته شده است. بدین منظور 388 نفر در دو گروه کارگران روستایی شهرک صنعتی (گروه هدف) و سایر شاغلین روستایی به روش کوکران به عنوان نمونه انتخاب و تفاوت های دو گروه در ابعاد اجتماعی (سطح آموزش، تأمین اجتماعی، رضایت شغلی، مشارکت، اعتماد متقابل، ارتباط با رسانه ها، تمایل ماندگاری در روستای محل سکونت) و فرهنگی (احساس سعادت، نظام ارزشی، احساس بیگانگی) به روش تجزیه و تحلیل آماری (پارامتری و ناپارامتری) مورد آزمون قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصله نشان می دهد که در بیشتر شاخص های اجتماعی و فرهنگی به خصوص ارتباط با رسانه ها، بهره مندی از خدمات بیمه ای شهرک صنعتی خیام توانسته باعث تغییرات مثبت در وضعیت کارگران روستاییان گردد که در نهایت این امر می تواند به عنوان گامی در راستای نفوذ فرهنگ صنعتی به نواحی روستایی و تحول فرهنگی تلقی شود.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0"> Introduction:</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">The achievement of technical improvement during last three decades is being </span>considered as major reason regarding growth and development in developed countries. Practically, with respect to advanced countries, more emphasis is devoted to diversification of rural economy as far as sustainability issue is concerned. According to major researches, rural regions could not achieve sustainability by just relying on one type of livelihood especially regarding to arid areas. The impact of industries upon rural regions is associated with multiplier affects. It is argued that any structural change through industrialization not only enhance rural economy, but also could lead to wide and broad transformations in all other aspects as well. It is associated with positive impacts including changes in culture, and social structure of the traditional villages. In general, that part of agricultural sector which possess great harmony with rural population, would be prime activity as opposed to service and industrial sectors. The share of agricultural sector regarding gross domestic product has been continuously plummeted. It has been 5.18 in 2006. Word wide agricultural products are not just being considered as rural products. That is rural economy is being diversified. Industry more specifically processing and handicrafts are among major sector of rural economy. An introduction of industries into rural areas not only influence the village from economic standpoint, but also is bears its impact upon other sectors of the rural areas as well The most important impact deals with social systems and its resultant complications. These impacts over individual and personal culture are more pronounced. This in turn, is influenced by other factors as well. Of course one who works in the computer company with peasants, working in rice paddies in Thailand behave differently. According to past study, could be viewed by two approaches; is rural industrialization one approach is based on Carl Marx idem logy how believed in the impact of industrialization upon society. However, the opponent of this group criticize the negative role of industrialization through prevalence of believe that society through development of alienation. They industry and technology lose its spirit. On the other hand some school of thought appreciates the industries as welcome phenomena and believes in its positive consequences. They further argue that in the case of proper industrialization in a society, the culture, and social structure of a society would modernized. The key person pertaining to this school of thought is blowers. He believed that the growth of industrialization would enhance the demand for other relevant services. Through industrial growth and its, synergistic consequence, a government would be able to tax people more and as a result, medical care education, and provision of security as well as other services would relative be guaranteed.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle2">Methodology:</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle0">Taking to account the mature as well as the objective of this study, descriptiveanalytical and comparative research method was applied. The statistical society </span>composes P rural workers in Khayam industrial town in 66 villages as target group located in proximity of this town the head of households as well as. Of other rural households who engaged in activities other than Khayam industrial town as an evidence group. The sample size turned out to be 388 households through application of Cochran formula and random sampling technique.</div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle2">Conclusion:</span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle0">This study suggests that Khayam Industrial town regarding three indicators, </span>enhancement of job skills, getting advance of insurance services and accessing to mass media show positive impacts. On the other hand, the enhancement of community participation. Strengthening mutual self-confidence, providing motivation for staying in rural communities, is not associated with positive impacts. Moreover, 80% of Khayam Industrial town workers enjoy high level of job satisfaction. It is further argued that regarding three cultural indices including feeling of prosperity, feeling of alienation and value systems impose great positive impacts and led to drastic, positive cultural changes. Some may argue that even though construction of Industrial reigns and towns from one hand provide job opportunities and increase the income level, but it does not necessary means keeping the population in rural areas and prevent migration .this study confirm this as well. This in turn more attention regarding increasing the participationlevel.</div> سکونتگاه های روستایی , شهرک ها و نواحی صنعتی , اثرات اجتماعی و فرهنگی , شهرک صنعتی خیام نیشابور , Towns and industrial areas, Social and cultural impacts, Khayam industrial town of Nishabur. 149 163 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3-95&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Majid Hamzeii مجید حمزه ئی 10031947532846001894 10031947532846001894 No Ph.D. student of geography and rural planning, Ferdowsi Mashhad University, Iran دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران Hamid Shayan حمید شایان shayan@yahoo.com 10031947532846001895 10031947532846001895 Yes Associate Prof. of geography department, Ferdowsi Mashhad University, Iran دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران Khadije Buzarjemehri خدیجه بوزرجمهری azar1334@gmail.com 10031947532846001896 10031947532846001896 No Associate Prof. of geography department, Ferdowsi Mashhad University, Iran دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران