SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT
اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی
Literature & Humanities
http://serd.khu.ac.ir
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2322-2131
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doi
14
4444
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jalali
1394
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gregorian
2015
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سنجش وضعیت توسعه کارآفرینی در مناطق روستایی مورد: دهستان استرآباد جنوبی در شهرستان گرگان
The assessment of Entrepreneurship status in rural areas - Case: southern Astarabad in Goragan
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify; ">بر اساس اصول توسعه پایدار، یکی از ابعاد بسیار مهم نظریه های توسعه پایدار روستایی، توسعه اقتصادی در کنار و هم پوشی با توسعه اجتماعی و اکولوژیک است. یکی از راهکارهای توسعه پایدارروستایی، توسعه کارآفرینی در میان روستاییان است. امروزه برنامه-ریزان دریافته اند که مناسب ترین راهبرد پاسخ گویی به عمده چالش ها درمناطق روستایی، به ویژه در بعد اقتصادی، تشویق روستاییان برای گرایش به تجارت خانگی به شیوه کارآفرینی است. متنوع سازی اقتصاد روستایی تنها با القاء از بیرون محقق نمی شود، مگر اینکه کارآفرینان محیط های روستایی، خود فرصت ها و منابع بالقوه و بالفعل را بشناسند و با استفاده بهینه، ازآنها تنوع اشتغال و اقتصاد را برای محیط های روستایی به ارمغان آورند. با این حال، باید توجه داشت همه روستاها دارای وضعیت یکسان در توسعه کارآفرینی نمی باشد و برخی از آنها دارای شرایط بهتری جهت کارآفرینی بوده و از این حیث، برای فعالیت های کارآفرینانه در اولویت می باشد. از مهم ترین روش هایی که جهت تعیین اولویت مکان ها توسط برنامه ریزان بکار گرفته می شود، تحلیل های تصمیم گیری چند متغییره می باشد. در این تحقیق نیز روش ORESTE برای اولویت بندی توسعه کارآفرینی در روستاهای دهستان استرآباد جنوبی شهرستان گرگان بکار گرفته شده است. روش تحقیق به صورت توصیفی – تحلیلی می¬باشد. جامعه مورد مطالعه، خانوارهای 16 روستای این دهستان می باشد که تعداد 356 نمونه در کل روستاها و در هر روستا به نسبت تعداد خانوار به روش تصادفی انتخاب شد. نتایج نشان داد در معیارهای 10 گانه مورد بررسی، روستاهای نصرآباد، قرن آباد و مریم آباد دارای بهترین وضعیت جهت توسعه کارآفرینی می¬باشد.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Introduction:</span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Nowadays, management and economy as science as well as entrepreneurship receive </span>special attention. Strengthening entrepreneurship and creation of an appropriate setting for its development are being considered as a good tool for economic improvement namely in developing countries. Based on entrepreneurship world statement, there exist a high relationship between national economic growth and organizational and national entrepreneurship level. Generally speaking, entrepreneurs potentially exist in any country. However, one should put extra effort to increase their capabilities. Moreover, the existing structures should pave the way for proving themselves. As a matter of fact, entrepreneurs play a vital role regarding social and economic development and transformation. They act as a prime element for revitalization as well as continuation of development. That is why many governments in both developed and developing countries try to guide and encourage entrepreneurs and provide them relevant education .Iran experienced high rural-urban migration as a result of rural backwardness. This is associated with ghettoes, down grading of quality of life, low job opportunities, increase in crime and delinquency. The major objective of rural plan is the achievement of rural development. This in turn will lead to reduction of unemployment increase in job opportunities. These two phenomena are the resultant of Imbalanced labor force, demand and supply as well as decrease in agricultural growth sector in rural areas and decline in job opportunities (23.4%). It is argued that agricultural development by itself cannot guarantee rural economic development and irradiate poverty. Thus attention to other sectors is strongly suggested. Despite, the importance of entrepreneurial ship and its impact upon global economy, Iran has not paid an appropriate attention in this regard. High degree of youth population, lack of job opportunities, high unemployment rate demand more attention to this phenomenon. As such this paper predominantly aims to access entrepreneurship status in southern Astarabad in Gorgan.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Research method:</span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle2">This study possesses descriptive- analytical nature. It is farther based on survey technique </span>and questionnaire. As such 10 experts in the area were asked to give their opinions in order to weigh the relevant chosen criteria. Study area is composed of 16 villages which house 4805 households. Cochran formula was applied in order to determine the appropriate sample size with the significant level of 95%. Sample size turned out to be 356 which extracted via random sampling technique taking into consideration the number of households in every individual village. This study further followed by application of hierarchical weighing fuller triangle technique regarding the viewpoints of the experts. At the end, it demands ORESTE model in order to rank the villages.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Discussion and concluding:</span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle2">This study suggests that entrepreneurship not only cause better utilization of the existing </span>resources, but also paves the way for rural settlements sustainability. This is because entrepreneurship through providing job opportunities and resultant sufficient incomes make the settlers to remain in their village. It further could attract investment and draw outside labor force to the area. This in turn will strengthen the foundations of national regional development. However, all of the villages do not possess the same potential in terms of entrepreneurship. As such this study try to prioritize villages located in southern Astarabad in Gorgan from entrepreneurship aspect. According to experts view points, accessibility to education and training, consulting, experiences, knowledge and skill are being considered as main yardsticks in this regard. However, access to capital without needed education and training could not lead to entrepreneurship. According to ORESTE technique computation Naziabad, Sarnabad, and Maryamabad, based on the above mentioned criteria possess the highest ranks as opposed to lower shahkoh, Siyashlou and Qazagh-mahale. This study suggests education and training regarding entrepreneurship specifically in the area of tourism. It believes that lack of capital is being considered as a major obstacle in the study area. Providing low interest loans to rural settlers which could give them initial capital and motivation with respect to entrepreneurship is highly recommended.</div>
توسعه کارآفرینی , متنوع سازی اقتصاد روستایی , توسعه روستایی , تکنیک ORESTE , شهرستان گرگان ,
Entrepreneurship development, Variation in rural economy, Rural development, ORESTE, Gorgan.
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http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3-28&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Ali Akbar
Najafi Kani
علی اکبر
نجفی کانی
alinajafi_1154@yahoo.com
10031947532846001922
10031947532846001922
No
Assistant professor, Department of Geography, University of Golestan, Gorgan, Iran
استادیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران
Mehdi
Hesam
مهدی
حسام
mhesam@ut.ac.ir
10031947532846001923
10031947532846001923
Yes
Ph.D. in Geography and rural planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
Hadiseh
Ashor
حدیثه
آشور
hesam.mehdi@yahoo.com
10031947532846001924
10031947532846001924
No
M.A. Urban planning, Department of Geography, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران