other تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر ارتقای بهره وری منابع آب در اقتصاد نواحی روستایی مورد: حوضه آبریز قلعه چای تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">توجه به ارتقای بهره‌وری آب به منظور تضمین ادامه حیات سکونتگاه</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">های روستایی و تأمین امنیت غذایی کشور اهمیت دارد. عوامل مؤثر بر بهره</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">وری آب در روستاها، تحت تأثیر عوامل متعدد طبیعی و انسانی است که در صورت شناخت صحیح و برنامه</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ریزی مبتنی بر آن می</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">توان زمینه را برای استفاده بهینه از آب فراهم ساخت. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی وضعیت بهره</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">وری آب در 36 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">روستای </span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">واقع در حوضه آبخیز قلعه چای صورت گرفته است. نوع پژوهش کاربردی و ماهیت آن توصیفی- تحلیلی و استنباطی است. در این خصوص 19 متغیر محیطی و انسانی مؤثر بر بهره‌وری آب شناسایی شده و داده</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">های آن از طریق سالنامه</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">های آماری جهاد کشاورزی، آب منطقه</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">ای و سرشماری عمومی نفوس و مسکن به دست آمد. با استفاده دادهای به دست آمده در محیط نرم‌افزار </span></span></strong><span style="font-size:10px;"><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">ArcGIS</span></span></strong></span><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:10px;"> </span>پایگاه داده تشکیل شده و با استفاده از آزمون</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">های خودهمبستگی فضایی موران محلی و آزمون رگرسیون وزنی جغرافیایی اقدام به تحلیل فضایی گردید. یافته</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">های پژوهش با استفاده از آزمون موران نشان داد که متغیرهای ارزش تولیدات کشاورزی و دامی و باسوادی دارای خودهمبستگی فضایی و متغیرهای تعداد منابع آب و میزان بهره‌وری نهایی در هر روستا فاقد خودهمبستگی هستند. نتایج آزمون رگرسیون وزنی نشان داد که هر دو گروه از متغیرهای محیطی، انسانی با میزان بهره</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">وری آب در سطح روستاهای موردمطالعه ارتباط معناداری دارد و شدت همبستگی تحت تأثیر میزان آب‌بهای پرداختی، شیب زمین، تعداد منابع آب و دوری یا نزدیکی به مرکز شهرستان است. درنهایت، متناسب با یافته</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">های تحقیق پیشنهاد می</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">شود رویکرد فضایی به‌عنوان یک روش مناسب برای بهبود بهره</span></span></strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="color:black;">‌</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">وری آب در روستاها موردتوجه قرار گیرد.</span></span></strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Introduction</strong><br> Due to its geographical location and climatic conditions, Iran is facing water shortages. A large part of the country is in arid and semi-arid climates. In addition to the dry weather of the country, mismanagement, short knowledge of farmers, outdated infrastructure, low level of technology have led to low water productivity in rural areas. The Qaleh chai watershed is one of the catchments located around Lake Urmia, which is facing water shortage due to drought conditions. This area with 36 villages is known as one of the hubs of agricultural and livestock production. According to the obtained data, the water efficiency level in the basin is less than 50%. Lack of water resources has led to the need to pay attention to ways to improve water efficiency. It seems that several factors play a role in the quantity and quality of water use, in other words, in the level of its productivity in The Qaleh Chai, and the most important ones include geographical conditions such as slope, location of villages, amount of products produced. Literacy level, number of rural households, water resources, amount of water available. By identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the promotion of water productivity in the basin, the amount of water productivity can be improved. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate and find a scientific answer to the question of what is the spatial distribution of factors affecting water productivity in villages located in The Qale chai? And to what extent can the studied variables explain the changes related to water productivity?<br> &nbsp;<br> <strong>Methodology</strong><br> The research method is descriptive-analytical and inferential, which has based on documentary studies, libraries, and field studies. Local Moran correlation tests and geographic weight regression (GWR) tests were used to analyze the data. The variables used in this study included 19 environmental components affecting water productivity: Number and spatial distribution of springs, number and spatial distribution of wells, river water volume, water abstraction from wells, water abstraction from rivers, water abstraction from springs, length of concrete irrigation canals of all canals, the total volume of water in Consumption, number of households, unemployment rate, the employment rate in agriculture, literacy rate, rial value of tree products, rial value of rainfed products, rial value of summer crops, rial value of light livestock products, rial value of heavy livestock products, agricultural and medium irrigated land area Slope of villages to percent.<br> Water productivity has been used to calculate the rial value of livestock products, agricultural products, and human variables. The study area of this research is the Qaleh chai which has 36 villages located in it. The region of this basin is equal to 249.63 square kilometers, which has located in East Azerbaijan province and the southeast of Lake Urmia.<br> &nbsp;<br> <strong>Discussion and conclusion</strong><br> Research Findings show that the number of spring water resources is higher in mountainous villages and, the number of wells is higher in plain rural. The results of Moran showed that the variables of the Iranian Rial value of livestock production and the total amount of available water lack spatial autocorrelation. Also, the variable of the Iranian Rial value of all agricultural products has no spatial autocorrelation, but the total number of water resources has a spatial correlation. There is also an intense spatial correlation in the average slope of the villages, but the results of this test on the final water productivity lack spatial correlation. According to the results, the literacy variable of spatial autocorrelation is cluster type. The variables of household size and employment have no spatial correlation. Results The GWR regarding the causal role of the variable related to the final value of agricultural products and livestock products with water productivity showed that the last value of products with a correlation of R2 = 229 can explain water productivity. Based on the results of the geographical weight regression test, the value of R2 for social variables was equal to R2 = 0.129, which is lower than the final value variables of livestock and agricultural products.<br> Findings of this study show that factors such as the number of agricultural products produced, water resources, the volume of water available from water resources, land slope, number of water pumps and Iranian Rial value of livestock and agricultural products, literacy rate, employment rate, population have a significant relationship with water productivity. According to the research findings, it is clear that to achieve an efficient solution to improve water productivity in the villages located in the Qalah Chai watershed, it must have all the operative factors, including natural elements. Human factors, management factors, and physical characteristics are based on accurate, reliable data and planning occurrence.</span></div> اقتصاد کشاورزی, منابع آب, بهره وری, سکونتگاه روستایی, حوضه آبریز قلعه چای Agricultural Economics, Water Resources, Productivity, Rural Settlement, Qaleh Chai Watershed 1 22 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-295&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Mohsen Aghayari Hir محسن محسن آقایاری هیر aghayari@tabrizu.ac.ir 10031947532846005387 10031947532846005387 Yes Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Mohammad Zahheri محمد ظاهری 10031947532846005388 10031947532846005388 No Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Hossein Karimzadeh حسین کریم زاده 10031947532846005389 10031947532846005389 No Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Ali Majnuni Tutakhaneh علی مجنونی توتاخانه 10031947532846005390 10031947532846005390 No PhD students in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران