SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

other تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر فقر روستایی در دوران شیوع ویروس کرونا مورد: استان آذربایجان شرقی Analysis of factors affecting rural poverty during the outbreak of coronavirus Case: East Azerbaijan province تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">همه‌گیری ویروس کرونا بزرگ‌ترین شوک را بر اقتصاد جهان تحمیل کرده و باعث اجرای سیاست‌های کنترلی برای مهار آن از سوی دولت‌ها مانند؛ فاصله‌گذاری اجتماعی، تعطیلی‌های موقت کسب‌وکارها، قرنطینه و .. شده که اثرات منفی آن‌ها در مناطق روستایی بهدلایل مختلف بیشتر بوده و به عاملی اثرگذار در تحولات فقر روستایی بدل شده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر تحولات فقر روستایی استان آذربایجانشرقی در دوران شیوع کرونا بوده و از حیث هدف کاربردی، از نظر ماهیت و روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. بنیان فلسفی پژوهش ترکیبی است که در مرحله بررسی تالار گفتمان (Q) رویکرد کیفی و در مرحله تحلیلعاملی جنبه کمی دارد. جامعه گفتمان شامل؛ 24 نفر از مدیران و کارشناسان (فرمانداری، بهداشت و درمان، ادارات دولتی، بخشداریها، دهیاریها و ...)، خبرگان محلی و متخصصان حوزه فقر و روستا است. برای انتخاب نمونه آماری از روش گلولهبرفی و متواتر نظری استفاده شد. جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل دادههای ماتریسهای کیو، از تحلیلعاملی به روش اکتشافی (استنفسون) استفاده گردید. یافتههای تحقیق نشان داد، عوامل مؤثر بر تحولات فقر روستایی در دوران شیوع کرونا در استان آذربایجان شرقی عبارت‌اند از؛ 1) عدم رعایت محدودیتهای قانونی، کاهش سواد و دسترسی به خدمات ارتباطی؛ 2) تعطیلی کسبوکارها، افزایش هزینهها و فشارهای اقتصادی و روانی؛ 3) کاهش درآمد، سرمایه تولید و مدیریت ناکارآمد؛ 4) مشکلات مالی و کاهش جریانهای فضایی؛ 5) اعتماد اجتماعی و ضعف خدمات بهداشتی-درمانی؛ 6) بازاریابی و دسترسی به خدمات و جادههای ارتباطی؛ 7) مشخص نبودن برنامهها و سیاستهای کلان، کاهش تولید و افزایش ناهنجاری اجتماعی؛ 8) عوامل سیاسی و اعمال محدودیتهای حمل‌ونقلی. در این میان، عامل عدم رعایت محدودیتهای قانونی، کاهش سواد و دسترسی به خدمات ارتباطی با مقدار ویژه 13/3 و درصد واریانس 04/13 بیشترین تأثیر را تحولات فقر روستایی در دوران شیوع ویروس کرونا در محدوده مورد مطالعه داشته است.</div> Introduction <div style="text-align: justify;">One of the emerging infectious diseases in recent years is Coronavirus 2019. For the first time in late December 2019, cases of pneumonia or pneumonia were reported to the World Health Organization in Wuhan, China (the primary source of the disease). The cause of the disease was unknown and the available treatments were not very effective. The disease spread rapidly and affected all the people of the world, and the coronavirus epidemic caused the greatest shock to the world economy and led to the implementation of control policies to control it by governments such as; Social distancing, temporary closures of businesses, quarantine, etc., whose negative effects are greater in rural areas for various reasons and has become an influential factor in the transformation of rural poverty. As in all parts of the world, the rural settlements of East Azerbaijan Province are grappling with the widespread outbreak of the coronavirus, and the number of cases and deaths in this province is increasing every day, and some health experts, not observing social distancing. And non-observance of hygienic protocols is considered as the reason for this increase in patients, but some people consider the use of masks to be more important than distance, and the lack of disinfection of hands and hand washing are other factors that start the upward trend of patients. Therefore, due to the spread of coronavirus and the increase in the number of infected people, many businesses in the province, especially in rural areas, were closed and people who did not have employment insurance, access to health services and care systems, people in They work in the informal sector, or work as workers in private, semi-private, etc. companies, and are more at risk of poverty and deprivation. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the factors affecting rural poverty developments during the outbreak of coronavirus in rural areas of East Azerbaijan province and tries to provide an appropriate answer to the research question: Factors and driving forces affecting rural poverty changes What are the corona times in East Azerbaijan province? Research Methods The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting rural poverty developments in East Azerbaijan province during the corona outbreak and therefore in terms of purpose of exploratory type and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method and its philosophical basis is a combination that in the study The Q (Q) forum has a qualitative approach and a quantitative aspect in the Q-factor analysis phase. The research area is the rural settlements of East Azerbaijan province. The discourse community also includes; There are 24 managers and experts (governorate, health, government departments, districts, villages, etc.), local experts and experts in the field of poverty and rural areas. To select the statistical sample, the snowball method and the theoretical sequence were used. Exploratory factor analysis (Stanfson) was used to analyze the data of Q matrices. Discussion and conclusion The results of this study using Q research showed that the most important factors and driving forces affecting the development of rural poverty during the outbreak of Corona virus in rural areas of East Azerbaijan province are; 1) Failure to comply with legal restrictions, reduced literacy and access to communication services (first factor). 2) Business closures, rising costs and economic and psychological pressures (second factor). 3) Decreased income, production capital and inefficient management (third factor). 4) Increasing financial problems and reducing spatial flows (fourth factor). 5) Decreased public trust and poor health services (fifth factor). 6) The problem of marketing, access to services and communication channels (factor six). 7) Uncertainty of macro-plans and policies, reduction of production and increase of social anomalies (seventh factor). 8) Political and the application of transportation restrictions (factor eight). Among these, the first factor (non-compliance with legal restrictions, reduced literacy and access to communication services) with a specific value of 3.13 and a percentage of variance of 13.04 has the greatest impact on rural poverty developments during the outbreak of coronavirus in the study area had. In addition, the results of the present study with the results of Sadr Mousavi et al. (1399), Tajeri Moghadam et al. (1399), Taherinia and Hassanvand (1399), Rahnama and Bazargan (1399), Adjunun et al. (2021), Vas and Katino ( 2020), Arno et al. (2021), Vivad et al. (2021), Barjin and Aminguno (2021), Liu et al. (2020), Flipson et al. (2020), etc. on the factors affecting poverty and the effects of prevalence The corona virus is in the same direction in rural areas and its developments.</div> فقر روستایی, عوامل فقر, ویروس کرونا, استان آذربایجان شرقی Rural Poverty, Poverty Factors, Corona Virus, East Azerbaijan Province 161 184 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-329&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Abolfazl Ghanbari ابوالفضل قنبری 10031947532846005787 10031947532846005787 No Associate Professor, Remote Sensing Department, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran دانشیار گروه سنجش از دور، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Mohammad Valaei محمد ولائی valaei1365@gmail.com 10031947532846005788 10031947532846005788 Yes Postdoctoral researcher in Geography and Rural Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran پژوهشگر پسادکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران