SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

other تأثیر شیوع بیماری کرونا بر مشارکت زنان روستایی در فعالیت های کشاورزی مورد: شهرستان دلفان The effect of coronary heart disease on the participation of rural women in agricultural activities Case: Delfan County تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">براساس گزارش سازمان ملل متحد، زنان 49 درصد از جمعیت روستاها را تشکیل داده و 65 درصد از فعالیتهای بخش کشاورزی توسط آنان انجام می‌شود. بهطوریکه حدود 50 درصد از تولید مواد غذایی جهان توسط زنان تولید می‌شود. در شرایط کنونی شیوع بیماری کرونا و نیاز هرچه بیشتر جوامع به غذای سالم، اهمیت مشارکت زنان در بخش کشاورزی، دوچندان شده است. زنان روستایی با داشتن دانش و تجربه کافی در فعالیت‌های مختلف کشاورزی مانند فرآوری مواد غذایی و کارهای خانگی، در بازار صنایع دستی نیز نقش‌آفرینی نموده و از مهم‌ترین ارکان دستیابی به اقتصاد پایدار روستایی هستند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان مشارکت زنان کشاورز در فعالیت‌های کشاورزی قبل و بعد از شیوع ویروس کرونا انجام شد. جامعه مورد مطالعه شامل زنان کشاورز شهرستان دلفان بود که با محاسبه فرمول کوکران، تعداد 200 نفر به عنوان حجم نمونه تعیین شدند. فرآیند نمونه‌گیری به شکل طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب انجام شد. تحلیل دادهها در محیط نرم‌افزار SPSS26 استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که شیوع ویروس کرونا تأثیر منفی بر مشارکت زنان در فعالیتهای کشاورزی داشته و باعث شده میزان مشارکت پس از شیوع ویروس کرونا کاهش پیدا کند. فقط پرورش حیوانات اهلی، کار روزمزد در مزارع و کاشت بذر و نهال نبست به قبل از شیوع ویروس کرونا کاهش محسوسی پیدا نکرده بود. همچنین عواملی مانند دسترسی به بازار، نوع کشت، سطح زیر کشت، شرکت در کلاس‌های ترویجی و دسترسی به خدمات کشاورزی رابطه مثبت و معناداری با میزان مشارکت زنان در فعالیتهای کشاورزی نشان دادند.</div> Introduction <div style="text-align: justify;"> According to the United Nations, women make up 49% of the rural population and 65% of agricultural activities; The rate of this participation in the agricultural sector of Iran is 60%. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported in 2010 that with the increase in male migration, the role of women in agriculture has increased and women have found a key role in food production to support the family; About 50% of the world's food production is produced by women. Due to the prevalence of coronary heart disease and the increasing need of communities for healthy and accessible food, the importance of women's activities in the agricultural sector, whose first and most important role is to ensure food security of communities, has doubled. The rapid spread of the disease and the lack of an accurate timeline for how long the disease will last or when the virus can be controlled have raised many international concerns. The FAO (2020) report states that the full effects of coronary heart disease (Covid-19) on food security and food and agricultural systems are still becoming apparent, and that its prevalence could have significant negative effects on all those involved throughout the world. Have a food supply chain. Therefore, the epidemic caused by the Corona virus has had a significant impact on agriculture, and most of this impact has been on the vulnerable population of farmers. In addition to the decisive role in food production, rural women with sufficient knowledge and experience in various agricultural activities. They have also played a role in activities such as food processing, household chores, and trade in the handicraft market, and are among the most important pillars of maintaining economic prosperity and achieving a sustainable rural community. Women in all sectors, including agriculture, like other economic sectors of society, follow in the footsteps of men, to maintain the dynamic life of social structures and to promote the effective functions of production-service processes, and to provide a significant share of the labor force. Self-allocate. However, since the cultural values that govern the village consider all women's activities as a natural thing and part of their daily duties, as a result, despite all their efforts, their activities in the agricultural sector Is ignored. However, without the active participation of women, the rural economy and its households will undoubtedly face new challenges if they do not face closure, and achieving sustainable development goals will not be possible without their participation. Research Methods The present study is considered as an applied research according to the research objectives and results. According to the method of data collection and implementation method, the research is a descriptive correlation with the survey strategy. In order to express the reasons for changes in social phenomena, in terms of numerical analysis of data, little research has been done. The statistical population in this study is women farmers in Delfan city. The sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula of 200 samples and stratified sampling. Based on this, first 5 villages were randomly selected from 10 villages of the statistical population, then 19 villages were randomly selected from the selected villages to fill in the questionnaire. The statistical sample size of this study includes 200 women farmers. In order to collect information about the opinions of women farmers about the factors affecting agricultural activities in this study, two methods of documentary study (library) and survey have been used. To collect information by referring to books, documents and scientific articles, valid statistics of organizations and institutions related to the library method. According to the main objectives and questions of the research, the required information has been collected using a questionnaire. Discussion and conclusion  From the first stages of agriculture, women have been very active in agriculture, especially in rural areas of Iran, which is the predominant form of family exploitation. According to the results obtained in the study population, the majority of exploiters (81%) are in the same way. The activities of women in the agricultural sector of Delfan city are very diverse, including these activities such as plant cultivation, harvesting, weeding, harvesting, pruning trees, threshing and cleaning And measuring the crop as well as giving forage and animal care, on the other hand, according to the custom and culture of rural society, women do not appear outside the farm and more to produce products and products from agriculture and They take care of domestic animals. The participation of women in developing countries is higher than other countries due to the lack of mechanized farms and lack of access to some agricultural equipment. However, in some areas the working time for women is less than the working time for men. Given the above and the major role of women farmers in agricultural and livestock production, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to their use and access to development resources and to identify the main and effective factors in this regard and to address the problem and knots. And provide the necessary support to women farmers to be more active in the agricultural sector, because with more and more women in the agricultural sector, in addition to creating food security, this will also lead to economic growth and also improve livelihoods. Villagers and farmers will also be.</div> اقتصاد روستایی, مشارکت, زنان روستایی, کرونا, فعالیت کشاورزی, شهرستان دلفان Rural Economy, Participation, Rural Women, Corona, Agricultural Activity, Delfan County 247 268 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-333&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Kobra Hassanpour کبری حسن پور 10031947532846005789 10031947532846005789 No PhD student in Agricultural Development, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران Yaser Mohammadi یاسر محمدی y.mohammadi@basu.ac.ir 10031947532846005790 10031947532846005790 Yes Assistant Professor of Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran استادیار توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران Zeinab Asadi زینب اسدی 10031947532846005791 10031947532846005791 No PhD student in Agricultural Development, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران