SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

other کاربرد مدل هکمن در تعیین عوامل مؤثر بر انتخاب استراتژی‌های مقابله با ناامنی غذایی مورد: بخش حلب، شهرستان ایجرود Determining factors of the selection of strategies to combat food insecurity using Hackman's model, a case: Halab District, Ijrud County تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div style="text-align: justify;">ناامنی غذایی و فقر غذایی می‌تواند علاوه بر اثرات منفی  بر سلامت جسمی، تبعات اجتماعی و اقتصادی و روحی و روانی به همراه داشته باشد، ازاین‌رو شناخت عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری ناامنی غذایی ضروری است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی وضعیت ناامنی غذایی و شناخت مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر در به‌کارگیری استراتژی‌های غذایی و غیرغذایی مقابله با ناامنی غذایی هست. تحقیق حاضر از نظر نوع کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت توصیفی - تحلیلی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق حاضر خانوارهای ساکن در بخش حلب، شهرستان ایجرود استان زنجان می‌باشد. روش گردآوری اطلاعات به‌صورت کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی (پرسش‌نامه) و روش تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات هم به‌صورت آمار توصیفی و مدل هکمن و برای محاسبه میزان  ناامنی غذایی از روش (مقیاس ناامنی غذایی) استفاده‌شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان میدهد، 49.41 درصد خانوارها دارای امنیت غذایی، 31.76 درصد خانوارها دارای ناامنی غذایی بدون گرسنگی، 10.59 درصد خانوارها ناامنی غذایی با گرسنگی متوسط و 8.24 درصد خانوارها دارای ناامنی غذایی با گرسنگی شدید هستند. همچنین نتایج مدل هکمن نشان می‌دهد، مهم‌ترین عامل تأثیرگذار در استراتژی غیر غذایی، درصد درآمد به‌دست‌آمده از بخش غیرکشاورزی است که دراین‌بین عوامل درصد درآمد به‌دست‌آمده از بخش خدمات با ضریب 246/0، شغل فرعی با مقدار ضریب 328/0 و میزان درآمد با ضریب 289/0  دارای بیشترین تأثیر هست. باتوجه‌به یافته‌ها، پیشنهاد تحقیق حاضر جهت کاهش ناامنی غذایی تنوع فعالیت‌های اقتصادی هست.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Introduction One of the topics related to food insecurity coping strategies is recognizing the effective factors for choosing strategies to deal with household food insecurity. Recognition of these factors is essential for planning to reduce the negative effects of food insecurity among rural households. Preliminary studies show that food security in the villages of Halab District, Ijrud County is at a low level, which includes reasons such as distance from food shopping centers, poor infrastructure, health, education and welfare facilities, low employment rate, low income level. However, in the study area, rural areas have suitable natural, economic and social resources and substrates for achieving sustainable rural development. The present study investigated the food insecurity situation of households in Halab District of Ijroud County, and then analyzed the effective factors in choosing strategies to combat food insecurity. Following questions are investigated: 1. What is the most important nutritional strategy of the households in the studied villages to deal with food insecurity? 2. What is the most important non-food strategy of the households in the studied villages to deal with food insecurity? 3. What is the most effective factor in applying strategies to combat food insecurity in the study area?  Methodology The present research is an applied and descriptive-analytical study . Data were collected by using library and field method (questionnaire). The statistical population of the present study is households living in Halab, Ijroud County of Zanjan Province. This section has 29 inhabited villages with a population of 5183 people and 1715 families in the 2016 census. 380 households completed the questionnaire in the households of the studied villages, which was determined using the Cochran's formula. A simple systematic and random method was used for the sample selection. To assess the food security of rural households, the household food insecurity scale method was used, which consisted of 18 questions and to assess food and non-food strategy, 12 indicators was applied. In order to group the food security status of the families with children, the questions and standard grouping of the US Department of Agriculture have been used. Hackman's model was also used to investigate the factors influencing the selection of effective strategies in combating food insecurity. The Hackmann two-stage model was proposed in 1979. This model is designed to eliminate the error in selecting the sample or population under study. In the present study, Hackman's model identifies the variables with their intensity of impact for the implementation of food insecurity coping strategies in the study area. Discussion and conclusion Findings related to food security classification of the studied households show that 49.41% of households have food security, 31.76% of households have food insecurity without hunger, 10.59% of households have food insecurity with moderate hunger and 8.24% of households have severe food insecurity with hunger. Descriptive findings related to food strategies to combat food insecurity among the rural households studied show that the highest mean is related to the strategy of consuming cheap food and the lowest average is related to the strategy of a full day without food. The results of the model show that with a 99% probability the factors of age, number of household members, type of housing quality and percentage of income from the agricultural sector are effective in applying food strategies to combat food insecurity in the study area. Furthermore, for non-food strategies, the results of the Hackman model can confirm with a 99% confidence level that the factors of age, spouse education, number of household members, number of sons, number of people with university education, head job, spouse job, sub-job, income, irrigated lands, garden lands, having livestock, number of visits to the city during the week, vehicle, receiving bank credits, percentage of income from the industrial sector, percentage of income from the agricultural sector and percentage of income from the service sector are the most effective factors on the application of strategies to combat food insecurity.  </div> توسعه روستایی, امنیت غذایی, توسعه انسانی, استان زنجان. Rural Development, Food Security, Human Development, Zanjan Province. 209 226 http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-344&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Mehdi Cheraghi مهدی چراغی mahdicharaghi@yahoo.com 10031947532846005984 10031947532846005984 Yes Assistant Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran. استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.