Space Economy and Rural Development

Space Economy and Rural Development

Identification and leveling of rural self-employment components with the ISM approach study case: East Azarbaijan province

Authors
Asadullah Heidari
Samad Khabbaz Bavil
Department of Geography, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
10.61186/serd.13.2.7
Abstract
Objective: This research is based on the identification, investigation and stratification of the effective components in rural self-employment in East Azarbaijan province and seeks to answer the following questions and objectives: What are the important components of self-employment in the villages of East Azarbaijan province? Each of the identified rural self-employment components, At what level are they located? What is the pattern or model of the relationships of the self-employed components of the villagers? And finally, what are the effective policies and decisions for the development and increase of rural self-employment.

Methods: The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical, which qualitatively used structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) technique to stratify and determine the relationships of influential self-employment components in villages. The statistical population of this research includes 34 qualified people from university professors and senior managers at the level of East Azarbaijan province, who are experts in rural self-employment. Based on Warfield's theory in structural-interpretive modeling and expertise criterion based on two indicators of experience and education level too, 13 members of the research sample were considered as experts.

Results: The findings of this model showed that four components: suitable infrastructure, facilitation of regulations and administrative processes, culture and social relations, individual and educational spirit, are the basic factors in the eleven components of

.the self-employment development of the villagers of East Azarbaijan province

Conclusions: Creating infrastructures and providing suitable facilities in villages, delegating authority to provinces and decentralization in village planning, revising and revising restrictive laws and regulations related to rural employment, activating specialized. desks for rural economy and employment, providing skill training to self-employed volunteers in villages from Among them are the results and practical suggestions of the research.
Keywords
self-employment
Rural Settlements
Interpretive Structural Modeling
Economic Development
East Azerbaijan Province
Attri, R., Dev, N., & Sharma, V. (2013). Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) approach: an overview. Research journal of management sciences. 23 (2), 3-8.
Baldwin, Robert E. (2021). Economic development and export growth, University of California.
Ernst, C. (2005). Trade liberalization, export orientation and employment in Argentina, Brazil and Mexico. ILO, Employment Analysis Unit.
Hassan F. Gholipour, Hassan D. Kalantari, Mohammad Kousary (2022), Self-employment and Life Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Perceived Importance of Family, Friends, Leisure Time, and Work, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics Volume 100, October 2022, 101922.
Hawes, G. (2019).The Philippine State and the Marcos Regime-The Politics of Export, Cornell University Press. E Book- ISBN: 9781501734953. https://www.worldbank.org/en/home
Korsgaard, S., Müller, S., & Tanvig, H. W. (2015). Rural entrepreneurship or entrepreneurship in the rural-between place and space. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 21(1), 5-26
Lina Aldén, Mats Hammarstedt and Per Skedinger (2024). Self-Employment among In-Movers and Stayers in Rural Areas: Insights from Swedish Register and Survey Data, IFN Working Paper No. 1487, 2024 https://www.ifn.se/
Mathiyazhagan, K., & Haq, A. N. (2013). Analysis of the influential pressures for green supply chain management adoption—an Indian perspective using interpretive structural modeling. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 21(68), 817-833.
Satapathy, S., Patel, S. K., Biswas, A., & Mishra, P. (2012). Interpretive structural modeling for E-electricity utility service. Service Business. 6, 349-367.
Voytyuk, V. A., & Marinchenko, T. E. (2021). Modeling of export development of agricultural enterprises of the Kaluga region, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Honolulu.

  • Receive Date 08 June 2026
  • First Publish Date 08 June 2026