اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی

تحلیل چالش‌ها و مسائل- مشکلات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فراروی توسعه اقتصادی پیرامون رودخانه اترک‌سفلی

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
2 پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
3 بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
چکیده
هدف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی، اولویت‌بندی و تحلیل چالش‌ها و مسائل- مشکلات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی در حوضه رودخانه اترک‌سفلی با تمرکز بر منطقه چات شهرستان گنبدکاووس بوده‌است. پژوهش با تکیه بر دیدگاه نخبگان، کارشناسان و ذی‌نفعان محلی، تلاش دارد روابط علّی میان عوامل انسانی و طبیعی مؤثر بر این چالش‌ها را تبیین کرده و زمینه تصمیم‌سازی آگاهانه برای مدیریت پایدار منابع را فراهم آورد.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش از نظر ماهیت کمّی و از نظر هدف کاربردی است. داده‌ها از طریق بررسی اسناد بالادستی و پرسشنامه تخصصی مبتنی بر طیف پنج‌درجه‌ای لیکرت گردآوری شده‌اند. پایایی ابزار پژوهش با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ ارزیابی شد. برای اولویت‌بندی مسائل و مشکلات از آزمون ناپارامتریک فریدمن استفاده شد و به‌منظور تحلیل روابط علّی میان نیروهای محرک، فشارها، وضعیت‌ها، اثرات و پاسخ‌ها، مدل مفهومی DPSIR به‌عنوان چارچوب تحلیلی پژوهش به‌کار گرفته شد.
یافته‌ها: در حوزه مخاطرات محیطی، "افزایش دمای منطقه و تغییر الگوی بارندگی ناشی از تغییرات اقلیمی" با میانگین رتبه 13/98 به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین چالش شناسایی شد. در حوزه مشکلات ‌محیط‌زیستی، "نبود نظارت مؤثر بر عملیات صنعتی و کشاورزی و بروز آلودگی‌های غیرقابل جبران محیط‌زیست" با میانگین رتبه 14/53 بالاترین اولویت را به خود اختصاص داد. در حوزه کشاورزی و منابع‌ طبیعی، "افزایش قیمت نهاده‌های کشاورزی مانند بذر و کود" و "نبود سیستم‌های مؤثر مدیریت پسماند" هر دو با میانگین رتبه 14/19 به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین مشکلات شناسایی شدند. نتایج آزمون فریدمن نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری میان اولویت مسائل و مشکلات در هر سه حوزه وجود دارد (Sig =0.000). تحلیل نتایج در قالب مدل DPSIR نشان داد که نیروهای محرک اجتماعی، اقتصادی و حاکمیتی نقش غالبی در شکل‌گیری این مشکلات دارند.
نتیجه‌گیری: چالش‌های کشاورزی و منابع‌ طبیعی حوضه رودخانه اترک‌سفلی ماهیتی چندبُعدی، پیچیده و به‌هم‌پیوسته دارند و تداوم روندهای فعلی بهره‌برداری، پایداری اکولوژیکی و اقتصادی منطقه را با تهدید جدی روبرو می‌سازد. بنابراین، اتخاذ رویکردی جامع و یکپارچه در مدیریت منابع آب و خاک، تقویت هماهنگی نهادی، توسعه سیستم‌های نوین آبیاری، ارتقای نظارت محیط‌زیستی و مشارکت فعال جوامع محلی، از الزامات اساسی برای بهبود وضعیت کشاورزی، حفاظت از منابع ‌طبیعی و افزایش تاب‌آوری معیشتی و محیط‌زیستی در اترک‌سفلی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Analysis of Challenges and Problems in Agriculture and Natural Resources Hindering Economic Development in the Lower Atrak River Basin

نویسندگان English

Behrooz Mohseni 1
Mohammadreza Gharibreza 2
Saeid Shabani 1
Aiding Kornejady 3
1 Natural Resources Research Department, Golestan Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
2 Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute (SWCRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Natural Resources Research Department, Golestan Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran
چکیده English

Objective: The main objective of this study was to identify, prioritize, and analyze the challenges and problems affecting agriculture and natural resources in the Lower Atrak River Basin, with a particular focus on the Chat area of Gonbad-e Kavus County. Drawing on the perspectives of experts, specialists, and local stakeholders, the study sought to explain the causal relationships among human and natural factors contributing to these challenges and to provide a basis for informed decision-making for sustainable resource management.
Methods: This quantitative study was applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected through a review of upstream policy and planning documents and a specialized questionnaire based on the DPSIR framework using a five-point Likert scale. The reliability of the research instrument was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The non-parametric Friedman test was employed to prioritize the identified issues and problems. The DPSIR conceptual framework was also used to analyze the relationships among Driving Forces, Pressures, State, Impacts, and Responses.
Results: Among environmental hazards, “increasing regional temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns caused by climate change” was identified as the most important challenge, with a mean rank of 13.98. Among environmental problems, “lack of effective monitoring of industrial and agricultural activities and the occurrence of irreversible environmental pollution” received the highest priority, with a mean rank of 14.53. In the field of agriculture and natural resources, “increasing prices of agricultural inputs such as seeds and fertilizers” and “lack of effective waste management systems” were identified as the most important problems, each with a mean rank of 14.19. The Friedman test indicated statistically significant differences among the priorities assigned to issues and problems across all three domains (Sig. = 0.000). The DPSIR analysis showed that social, economic, and governance-related driving forces play a dominant role in shaping these problems.
Conclusions: The challenges affecting agriculture and natural resources in the Lower Atrak River Basin are multidimensional, complex, and highly interconnected. The continuation of current resource-use trends poses a serious threat to the ecological and economic sustainability of the region. Therefore, an integrated approach to water and soil resource management, strengthened institutional coordination, development of modern irrigation systems, improved environmental monitoring, and active participation of local communities are essential for improving agricultural conditions, conserving natural resources, and enhancing livelihood and environmental resilience in the Lower Atrak Basin.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Lower Atrak
Challenges
Agriculture and Natural Resources
Gonbad-e Kavus
DPSIR Model
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دوره 15، شماره 56
تابستان 1405
صفحه 153-176

  • تاریخ دریافت 04 دی 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 02 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 02 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 31 شهریور 1405